NuMex Española Improved

An early-maturing, mild New Mexican-type chile bred by NMSU for short, cool seasons in northern New Mexico; versatile for green chile, red powder, and sauces, and the first chile grown on the ISS.

Growing

~90 days to maturity

Fruit size

15–18 cm

Flavor & Use

Robust, classic New Mexican chile flavor with mild pungency; earthy and versatile, especially well-suited for sauces.

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Culinary

Roasted or fresh green chilered chile powder and saucesstewssalsasand traditional New Mexican dishes.

About

NuMex Española Improved is an early-maturing New Mexican-type chile (Capsicum annuum) developed at New Mexico State University for the shorter growing seasons of north-central New Mexico. The long, smooth, fleshy pods average about 15–16 cm long by 3 cm wide, with broad shoulders tapering to a sharp point—the classic native pod shape of the Española Valley. Fruit mature from dark green to red and are well-suited both as green chile and for drying into red powder or sauce. Plants are compact (typically 30–90 cm), productive, and adapted to cooler nights and high-altitude conditions. Heat is mild (1,500–2,500 SHU).

Backstory

Released in 1984 by NMSU breeders Frank Matta and Roy Nakayama, NuMex Española Improved is a hybridization of the hotter Sandia chile with a traditional Española Valley landrace. It was selected for earliness, smooth native-type pods, and reliable performance in the shorter, cooler growing seasons of north-central New Mexico. In 2021 it became the first chile cultivar grown and harvested aboard the International Space Station as part of NASA’s Plant Habitat-04 experiment.

Appearance

ShapeTapered
ColorDark green · Red
Size15–18 cm
WallThin
SkinSmooth

Growing

SunFull
WaterModerate
ClimateTemperate
Days to maturity90 days
Plant height30–65 cm
Soil pH6–7
Germination14–28 days
Spacing60 cm
HardinessZones 8-11

Heritage

We don't have a documented family for this pepper yet.

Sources